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Key to the genera of Trichodectidae based on Lyal (1985:335-340)
work in progress!! |
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1
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No abdominal spiracles present; majority of tergal and sternal setae at least two-thirds length of segment or,
if not, median setal group on tergum II comprising at least three setae (and, frequently, median groups running together). New World.
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2
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1´
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At least one pair of abdominal spiracles present, or if not, majority of abdominal sternal and tergal setae less than two-thirds length
of segment or median setal group on tergum II comprising only one seta. Old and New World.
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3
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2
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Abdominal pleura II-IV with dorsal projections (Fig. #), though most apparent in females and sometimes very inconspicuous;
male lacking tergocentral microsetae; latero-posteior corner of temle margin frequently with single long fine seta or one or two
shorter, stout setae; female pedicel with dorsal membranous projections (Fig. #) (sometimes obscure). [Geomyidae]
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Geomydoecus s.l.
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2´
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Abdominal pleura lacking dorsal projections, or single membranous projection present on pleurum IV only (Fig. #);
male with tergocentral microsetae on abdominal terga II-VI (Fig. #); long seta frequently present on temple margin, but
shorter stout setae not developed; female pedicel lacking any projections. [Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Bradypodidae]
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Neotrichodectes
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3
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Five pairs of abdominal spiracles present, vulval margin sclerotised, with or without setal tubercles,
and meeting gonopophyses smoothly; subgenital lobe present; parameres not fused to b.a.l.s.;
mesomeres absent; postcoxale absent; abdominal segments II-V with median setal group present,
comprising of at least three setae. [Musteldae]
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Trichodectes
part
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3´
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Other than five pairs of abdominal spiracles present, though spiracles on segment VIII may be very small, inconspicuous and
possibly non-functional. |
4
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4
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Abdominal pleura V-VI (at least) lacking setae
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5
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4´
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Abdominal pleura III-VIII (at least) with posterior setal row and, sometimes, anterior setae
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7
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5
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Abdominal tergal setae on segments I-VI less than half length of segment, shorter than postero-lateral setae;
pleura V-VI lacking setae (Fig. #); male flagellum with two basally-articulated teeth; mesomeres present, unfused;
parameres fused, with distinct inturned apices arising from plate (Fig. #); subgenital lobe bifrucate, with long basal lateral
process (Fig #). [Mustelidae]
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Trichodectes
part
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5´
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At least some setae on abdominal terga I-III as long or longer than segment and postero-lateral seta, and postero-lateral setae
sometimes absent; pleura IV-VII (at least) lacking setae (Fig. #); male flagellum lacking "teeth"; mesomeres absent;
parameres unfused or united at base only; subgenital lobe not bifrucate or only slightly so; basal proesses of subgenital lobe absent or,
if present, not long (Fig. #) [Lutrinae]
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6
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6
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Posterior setal row present on pleurum III; parameres slender, rod-like, fused basally (Figs. ##); subgenital lobe lacking
basal lateral processes; gonophophyses lacking setal tubercules (Fig. #)
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Lutridia
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6´
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Posterior setal row not present on pleurum III; parameres broad, not fused to each other (Fig. #); subgenital lobe with basal
lateral processes; gonopophyses with setal tubercles (Fig. #)
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Neolutridia
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7
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Ventral vulval margin meets gonopophyses smoothly, joined by sclerotised band; subgenital lobe present, frequently with
basal lateral processes; sternal setae on at least segments III-VI attaining or nearly attaining base of following setal row;
dorsum of head with setae sparse; male scape expanded or, if not, parameres fused to b.a.l.s.
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8
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7´
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Ventral vulval margin meets gonopophyses acutely or, if meeting smoothly, not joined by sclerotised band; sternal setae on segments III-VI not attaining base of following setal row, usually
less than three-quarters length of segment or, if longer, either female genitalia not as described and dorsum of head with dense setal
covering; or male scape not expanded and parameres not fused to b.a.l.s.
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9
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| 8
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Pleurum IV with dorsal projection; anterior setae present on abdominal terga and sterna. [Ursidae]
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Werneckodectes
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8´
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Pleurum IV without dorsal projection; anterior setae not present on abdominal terga and sterna. [Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Canidae,
Viverridae, Ursidae]
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Trichodectes
part
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9
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Posterior setal row of pleurum III with setae stouter than those of p.s.r. of pleurum V (Fig. ##) or, if not,
species with four pairs of abdominal spiracles; otherwise species with 0. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 pairs; subgenital lobe present;
gonopophyses with lobe present.
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10
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9´
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Posterior setal row of pleurum III with setae not stouter than those of p.s.r. of pleurum V;
six pairs of abdominal spiracles present; if gonopophyses with lobe then subgenital lobe absent.
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11
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10
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Abdominal spiracles numbering 6, 4, or 0 pairs; if no abdominal spiracles present, then female with gonopore surrounded
by spicular refingent patch, or gonaphophysis lobe comprising two fused tubercles, or antennal sensilla pit with peripheral tounge-like
projections; female subgenital loge frequently with overlapping scales or spines; male mesomeral arch always present, with median
extension or two apical nipples; mesomeres produced basally between b.a.l.s. or, if not, antennal sensilla as described above; parameres
usually broad, contacting mesomeres only, not b.a.l.s.; male abdominal tergum II lacking specialised setae of median group.
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Lorisicola
s.l.
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10´
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Abdominal spiracles numbering 3, 2, 1 or 0 pairs; if no abdominal spiracles present, then female gonopore not surrounded by spicular
refingent patch, gonopophysis lobe not comprising two fused setal tubercles; antennal sensilla of male and female neven in pit with
peripheral tongue-like projections; female subgenital lobe never with overlapping scales or spines; male mesomeres fused, unfused or
absent; if mesomeres fused, mesomeral arch never with median extension or apical nipples; parameres frequently narrow, rod-like,
contacting mesomerees, b.a.l.s. or both; male abdominal tgergum II frequently with long, specialized setae.
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Felicola
s.l.
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| 11
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Dorsal or ventral projection present on abdominal pleurum IV (Fig. #); mesomeral arch generally produced basally between b.a.l.s.;
female antennal flagellomeres generally not fused, or only partially fused. [Procaviidae and Primates]
| 12
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11´
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Pleurum IV lacking any projection; mesomeral arch rarely produced basally between b.a.l.s.;
female antennal flagellomeres generally fused, or if not, then female with long setal tufts on abdominal pleura
VIII and IX.
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16
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| 12
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Sitophore sclerite modified, with posterior arms extended (Fig. #) (sclerite difficult to see)
| 13
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12´
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Sitophore sclerite unmodified, with posterior arms extended (Fig. #) (sclerite generally not difficult to see)
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14
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| 13
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Tarsal claws with ventral teeth or spines; temple margin with or without small rounded projection; pleural projection on
abdominal pleurum IV not elongate. [Procaviidae]
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Dasyonyx
s.l.
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13´
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Tarsal claws lacking ventral teeth or spines; temple margin with long, broad, triangular projection (Fig. #); pleural
projection on abdominal pleurum IV long (Fig. #) [Procaviidae]
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Eurytrichodectes
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| 14
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Abdominal sternum II with broad, heavily-sclerotised band articulated with abdominal pleurum II (Fig. #); setal
row of male scape comprising only two setae; basiparameral sclerites present. [Procaviidae]
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Procavicola
s.l.
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14´
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Abdominal sternum II lacking sclerotised band or, if sclerotised band present, this is fused to abdominal pleurum II or medially
broken; setal row of male scape numbering more than two setae; basiparmeral sclerites absent or, if present, thoracic spiracle
with tubular atrium and female flagellomeres fused.
| 15
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| 15
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Atrium of thoracic spiracle spherical; mesomeral arch with median extension and lateral desclerotisations; gonopophyses with
setal tubercles or, if not, postcoxale greatly developed and fused to abdominal pleurum II.
[Procaviidae and Cercopithecidae]
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Procaviphilus
s.l.
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15´
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Atrium of thoracic spiracle tubular; mesomeral arch lacking median extension and not desclerotised laterally; gonopophyses lacking
setal tubercles or, if not, postcoxale not greatly developed and fused to abdominal pleurum II. [Cebidae]
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Cebidicola
s.l.
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| 16
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Posterior margins of temple generally produced, very convex (Fig. #); very long setae present on at least
pleurum VIII (Figs. ##), sometimes on pleurum VI (males) or IX (females); basiparameral sclerites present;
mesomeral arch lacking extension if complete, otherwise tripartite, median part sometimes obscure (Figs. ##);
if mesomeral arch entire, male genitalia as in Fig. #, temples not greatly produced, and female with two
flagellomeres, otherwise female flagellomweres fused. [Erethizontidae]
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Eutrichophilus
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16´
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Temples not so developed; setae on pleurum VIII not exceptionally long; basiparameral sclerites present or absent;
mesomeral arch, if present, with or without extension, but never tripartite; female flagellomeres fused.
| 17
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| 17
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Parameres narrow, rod-like and fused basally; mesomeral arch with broad lobe-like extension;
b.a.l.s. widely divergent anteriorly (Fig. #); gonaphophyses with setal tubercles; pseudostyli absent.
[Protelidae and Hyaenidae]
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Protelicola
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17´
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Paarameres not narrow and fused basally or, if so, then b.a.l.s. not widely divergent anteriorly; mesomeral arch without
broad lobulate extension; gonapophyses lacking setal tubercles; pseudostyli frequently present.
| 18
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| 18
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Subgenital lobe present; endophallus with dense patch of regularly-arranged spicules or, it not, parameral plate with
single apex (Fig. #); mesomeral arch entire, with abrupt bend to enable bases to meet parameres (Figs. ##), or mesomeres unfused
and b.a.l.s. with anteposterior spur (Fig. #); interior face of male flagellum serrate (Fig. #); abdominal sterna never with anterior setae; long
slender species. [Bovidae and Cervidae]
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Damalinia
part
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18´
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Subgenital lobe absent, or if present, as a small flap (Fig. #) and species with anterior setae on abdominal sterna; sternum VII sometimes developed
posteriorly into two projecting spikes (Fig. #); endophallus lacking spicular patch; parameres with apices free; mesomeres apically fused,
unfused or absent, but abrupt bend no present; b.a.l.s. lacking anteposterior spur; interior face of male flagellum with or without serrations; broader species.
| 19
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| 19
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Dorsal face of vulva with pointed scales; gonapophyses hook-shaped (Fig. #); common oviduct, at branching point, with
folded and more or less apparent collar, sometimw partially sclerotised and refracting transmitted light; mesomeres unfused;
abdominal pleurum never extending ventrally ont abdominal sternum II; interior face of male flagellum serrate.
[Bovidae and Cervidae]
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Damalinia
part
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19´
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Dorsal face of vulva lacking pointed scales; gonapophyses not hook-shaped or, if they are, then abdominal pleurum II extending onto
sternum II (Fig.#); common oviduct lacking collar as described above; mesomeres fused, unfused, or absent; interior face of male
flagaellum with or without serrations.
| 20
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| 20
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Abdominal pleurum II with sclerite extending onto sternum II and occasionally tergum II, sometimes at the expense of sternite or
tergite (Fig #); mesomeres unfused, may be fused to parameres and apparently absent; pseudostyli absent, or if present; broard or narrow (Figs. ##);
interior face of male flagellum serrate. [Bovidae]
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Damalinia
part
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20´
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Abdominal pleurum II not extending onto sternum II; mesomeres fused, unfused or absent; pseudostyli, if present, not as
figured above; interior face of male flagellum lacking serrations.
| 21
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| 21
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Atria of abdominal spiracles large, clear; mesomeral arch fused to b.a.l.s.; parameres broad, asymmetrically deflected (Fig. #);
thorax with setae spare dorsally in female, but male with median patch of setae on prothorax; head elongate, trapeziod, with
deep osculum present (Fig. #) [Tragulidae]
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Targulicola
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21´
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Atria of abdominal spiracles not large; mesomeral arch not fused to b.a.l.s. or, if it is, parameres and mesomeres also fused (Fig. #);
parameres not broad or asymmetrically deflected; thoracic setae less sparse, but male thorax lacking central setal patch; head not
elongate, but rounded, osculum absent or, if present, not deep (Fig. #).
| 22
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| 22
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Parameres fused to mesomeres (Fig. #); pseudostyli present, apically angular (Fig. #);
gonophyses broad, truncate (Fig. #); osculum absent, but anterior margin of head slightly flattened or concave medially,
with hyaline border where pluvinus attains margin. [Bovidae]
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Bisonicola
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22´
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Parameres not fused to mesomeres; pseudostyli, if present, apically rounded; gonopophyses not broad, and with lobe variably apparent,
or if gonopophyses broad and truncate, then pluvinus not attaining anterior margin of head, which is smoothly rounded and lacks a median
hyaline border.
| 23
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| 23
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Gonopophyses broad, truncate; mesomeres of characteristic pentagonal form (Fig. #). [Equidae and Bovidae]
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Werneckiella
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23´
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Gonopophyses with more or less discrete lobe (Figs. ##); mesomeres, if present, not pentagonal; base of parameres frequently heavily
block-like. [Bovidae, Cervidae, and Camelidae]
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Bovicola
s.l.
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